Les fonctions de la focalisation et du point de vue dans la dynamique de l’intrigue

Narratology has long been reluctant to link descriptive analysis of narrative structures with the interpretation of their discursive functions. Yet, starting from a dynamic conception of plot – which emphasizes its function to arouse the reader's interest and direct his or her attention towards a possible outcome –, we will show that it is relatively easy to associate different forms of focalization with effects such as suspense and curiosity. Nevertheless, such an interpretation leads to a clear distinction between the textual construction of the point of view, and focalization as defined by Genette. In addition, in order to avoid confusing point of view and focalization, we propose to adopt a new terminology for the latter. If the point of view can only be internal (i.e. anchored in the subjectivity of a character) or external, focalization, on the contrary, may be marked by a restriction, an equality, or an excess when compared with the knowledge of a focal character. The possibility of unfocalized narratives will also be considered, a case that should not be confused with a simple excess of knowledge in a narrative focalized on the fate of a character