Space Exploration and Technology for a Sustainable Human Civilization

Long term human space exploration and planetary habitation will require new technology. Rockets, habitation modules, and other physical-chemical systems are already being used in order to maintain and operate the ISS in a open-loop fashion that has been described and characterized as earth dependent. We will only achieve the potential for human spaceflight exploration, and permanent habitation if we close the loop and create technological approaches for a closed loop, earth independent human presence beyond this planet. Bioregerative approaches have the greatest potential for sustainable human exploration, and human colonization of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Bioregerative technologies also have tremendous potential as sustainable systems in order to feed the earth\u27s growing population, and protect the planetary ecosystem from further degradation and potential collapse. Current research and future implications will be discussed