Homotopic solutions for unsteady second grade liquid utilizing non-Fourier double diffusion concept

Main purpose of the current work is to investigate the features of unsteady Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models on the second grade fluid over a stretching surface. The characteristics of unsteady Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models are incorporated in the energy and concentration equations. The unsteady Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models are the generalization of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws in which the time space upper-convected derivative are utilized to describe the heat conduction and mass diffusion phenomena. The suitable transformations are used to alter the governing partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations. The resulting problem under consideration is solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of non-dimensional pertinent parameters on the temperature and concentration distribution are deliberated by using graphs and tables. Results show that the temperature and concentration profiles diminish for augmented values of the thermal and concentration relaxation parameters. Additionally, it is perceived that the temperature and concentration profiles are higher in case of classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws as compared to non-Fourier’s and non-Fick’s laws. Keywords: Second grade fluid, Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models, Analytical solutio