Safety Evaluation of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared with Two Procedures of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding for Individuals with Morbid Obesity: A Systemic Review

Introduction: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding are the most common bariatric surgery procedures. Therefore, this study aims to compare the safety of the newer procedure of Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy compared to Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and Laparoscopic adjustable gastric bonding. Method: A systematic review was conducted on the most important and most relevant search data bases, including Cochrane library, Pubmed, Ovid Medline as well as Iranian sites of Magiran , Iranmedex , SID, not taking the time limit into consideration. The results found in the literature were classified and were then analyzed. Results: Out of 384 articles obtained in the search, 4 randomized clinical trials (RCT) were included in this study. There were no reports of death comparing surgical procedures of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Moreover, in adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass comparison, one death was observed in each group. Regarding the side effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, 10% early complications were reported in the Roux-en-Y gastric  bypass group , and 13% were observed in the sleeve gastrectomy group between which no statistically significant difference was revealed. The comparison between adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass demonstrated that the occurrence of early and late complications was reported to be higher in the gastric bypass group, though no statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The present study findings demonstrated no statistically significant difference between these methods in regard with the safety aspect. As a result, selection as well as success of the bariatric surgery procedures depend on the patient's and surgeon's preferences