Women in Taarab : the performing art in East Africa

This study aims primarily at exploring the images of Swahili women as depicted in taarab songs in Zanzibar and factors that shape these images at different epochs or points in time. The corpus used in this study was collected in Zanzibar from Sep- tember to November 1999. A secondary concern of the present study is to highlight the history of taarab songs in Zanzibar and to identify the relationship between this art of songs and the Egyptian song. The study has adopted a holistic approach with more concentration on sung lyrics. The analysis is des- criptive and utilizes perspectives of literary theories of orature as well as insights from gender, cultural, structural and functional theories. The present study argues that Swahili taarab songs belong to the realm of oral literature, though in this case not in the sense of “classical oral literature”which excludes the notion of literacy. In taarab, the songs combine together features of both oral and written literature. They reflect comprehensively the Swahili culture and are thus con- sidered by the Swahili themselves as an indigenous genre of music despite its Arabian and other foreign roots. The study highlights the cultural milieu of taarab songs in Zanzibar and explores metaphors, symbols referring to women, and the sources of imagery used in these songs. Taarab songs have stylistically developed through their history. The study identifies two categories of classical taarab songs each of which has its own distinctive characteristics. The first category concerns those songs sung for the first time before 1945, and the second one those sung afterwards. Taarab lyrics have distinctive features, which they have acquired over time through efforts of the Swahili creative artists. They adhere strictly to the conditions and conventions of Swahili traditio nal poetic structure. The lyrics have enriched the Swahili language with a lot of expressions, which came in use firstly through taarab lyrics. The various facets of the taarab com- plex, including prominent features of taarab performance- and the salient linguistic aspects of taarab lyrics, have also been discussed