Public-private substitution in higher education funding and Kondratiev cycles : The impacts on home and international students

This chapter provides historical analysis of the position assigned to income from home and international students in the UK, France and the USA taking account of long economic cycles (Kondratiev cycles). The analysis uses new historical datasets on the level and structure of the income of universities and the number and characteristics of domestic and international students since the 1920s. These are interpreted using the theory of systemic regulation which examines the links between economic fluctuations, State action and social change