クルマエビ Penaeus japonica BATE ノ シュビョウ セイサン ギジュツ ノ ガイヨウ

The rearing methods of prawn, Penaeus japonicus Bate, are briefly introduced, including a general aspect of larval metamorphosis. In Japan, three culture methods have been basically practiced; 1) monoculture, 2) mulispecies culture, and 3) ecosystem culture. A monoculture method requires two tanks, one to grow the algae and another one to rear the larvae. In this method, the food is directly supplied to the zoeal larvae. In multispecies culture, only one tank is necessary because the algae are grown in the rearing tank by inorganic nutrients which are supplied at the beginning of nauplius stage. On the contrary, organic nutrients like a soy-cake particles are provided to grow both zoea and algae in the ecosystem culture. Special caution was taken to provide strong aeration with a movable aerator for cleaning the bottom and for promoting the energy flow by the oxidation process. In 1969, the ecosystem culture tank, 2,500 m^3 water-volume with the movable aerator, was designed at the Shibushi Station, Seto Inland Sea Farming Fisheries Association. A survival rate of up to 90% from nauplii-1 to postlarva-15 (days old) was obtained by this method. An average yield of the tank was about 22,000,000 juveniles at a time in 1975