Slavonski Brod, Galovo, Archaeological Research 2010

Institut za arheologiju iz Zagreba proveo je tijekom kolovoza 2010. g. u sjeveroistočnom dijelu Slavonskog Broda na zemljištu Galovo nastavak sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja ranoneolitičkog naselja starčevačke kulture koje pripada njezinoj početnoj fazi razvitka stupnju Linear A. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima koja se provode već 13 godina, istraženo je 3.200 m2, od čega je istraženo 200 m2 tijekom 2010. godine. Radovi su obuhvatili iskop zemljišta u nastavku na prošlogodišnju istraženu površinu u dijelu naselja koje se prostire jugozapadno od obredno ukopnog prostora, otkrivenog 1997. g. tijekom prve godine istraživanja Galova. Jugozapadno od zemunice 2012 otkrivena je i istražena u cijelosti jama 2010 koja je po svojem obliku i inventaru vrlo slična jamama 41 i 43 koje su bile ukopane jugozapadno od stambene zemunice 37 u sjeverozapadnom dijelu naselja. Po rubnom dijelu jame nađene su rupe od drvenih stupova koji su najvjerojatnije iznad jame držali nadstrešnicu. Gornji sloj u jami sastojao se od jako crne masne zemlje s rijetkim ulomcima keramike – dvije noge od zdjele na nozi, ručka većeg lonca i mala glinena figurica – stupasti idol na kojem se samo vidi istaknuti nos. Ulomci keramike kao i kameni artefakti nađeni u ovim jamama pripadaju početnom stupnju starčevačke kulture Linear A.In August 2010, the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb continued systematic archaeological excavations of an early Neolithic Starčevo culture settlement in the north-eastern part of Slavonski Brod on the Galovo plot, which belongs to the initial development phase – Linear A stage. In the excavations, which have already lasted 13 years, 3200 m2 have been excavated, of which 200 m2 were excavated in 2010. The works comprised the continuation of the dig of the plot excavated last year in the part of the settlement stretching to the south-west of the ritual burial space discovered in 1997, the first year of excavations at Galovo. South-west of pit-dwelling 2012, pit 2010 was discovered and completely excavated. Its form and inventory are very similar to pits 41 and 43, which were dug south-west of pit-dwelling 37 in the north-western part of the settlement. The horizontal projection of pit 2010 had an irregular round shape with diameters of 2.50 m (N-S) and 1.70 m (E-W), dug in sterile soil from the level of the settlement to a depth of 40 cm. On the north-eastern side, three steps were dug. The walls on the western, southern and eastern sides were vertical, and near the bottom a small elongated niche was dug 20 cm into the wall. On the margins of the pit, there were holes from wooden poles which probably bore the eaves above the pit. The upper part of the pit consisted of very black sticky soil with occasional pottery shards: two feet from a footed bowl, a handle of a larger pot and a small clay figurine (a pillared idol on which only the nose stands out). In the northern part of the pit, below a group of pottery items, there were several pieces of bone and charcoal. In the southern part of the pit, a number of stone artefacts were unearthed (microliths), parts of two footed bowls of fine structure, and part of a handled coarse-structured pot. Several pieces of burned earth (daub) of unknown purpose were also found. In the area north of pit 2010, the upper parts of pit dwelling 2012 were explored. In the upper layers of this large pit-dwelling, fragments of coarse pottery were found: pots variously decorated with appliqués, carved lines and fingerprints (the representation of a snake) along the edges. The handles found belong to this type of pot, as well as to parts of a belly with twin knobs suggesting that the pots used to hang on ropes. Among the coarse pottery, the bottom of a pot decorated with carved lines like a net stands out. The fine pottery includes footed bowls with traces of red paint visible on the surface. In these upper layers of the pit-dwelling, there were pieces of grindstones as well as stone artefacts: part of an axe with a hole in it, a small axe, various blades, bladelets, flakes and cores. The excavated structures and the moveable archaeological finds in them that were unearthed in 2010 belong, just as in past excavations, to the Linear A stage which, according to the current state of research, represents the initial development phase of the Starčevo culture on Croatian territory