On the path to energy independence: hybrid energy systems evaluation towards Favignana smart energy Island.

Energy costs, CO2 emissions, security of supply and system stability are common challenges in small islands. Many European islands have become pilot sites of energy innovation but this green transition goes slowly in several Small Italian islands (SIIs), which are not connected to the national grid. This study examines the suitability of using hybrid energy system comprising PV, hydrogen and batteries storage, diesel generators, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) and HCNG vehicles to meet Favignana island (Italy) electricity and public transportation demand, so as to increase the RES penetration level. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software is used to carry out the energy analysis of different scenarios to identify the most effective energy solution from both technological and economical point of views. The outcomes show that the implementation of hybrid energy systems can be an adequate and reliable option for increasing energy independency of Favignana island