Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Sindrom nemirnih nogu (engl. Restless Leg Syndrome – RLS) ili Wittmack-Ekbomov sindrom jest poremećaj koji karakterizira neodoljiv nagon za pokretanjem tijela, kako bi se zaustavile neugodne ili čudne senzibilne smetnje. Najčešće zahvaća donje ekstremitete, a može zahvatiti i gornje te trup, pa čak i fantomske ekstremitete. Pokretanje zahvaćenog dijela tijela modulira senzibilne smetnje, što dovodi do privremenog olakšanja. Patofiziologija RLS-a nije posve jasna, a istraživanja upućuju na to da je uzrok funkcionalni poremećaj dopaminske funkcije i da RLS može biti primaran ili sekundaran. Oba se pogoršavaju nakon operativnih zahvata bilo koje vrste. Kada je to moguće, liječenje RLS-a uključuje identificiranje uzroka simptoma. Farmakoterapija primarnog RLS-a uključuje agoniste dopamina kao prvi lijek za bolesnike sa svakodnevnim simptomima, opijate i antikonvulzive za rezistentne slučajeve te levodopu i benzodiazepine. U sekundarnom RLS-u koriste se preparati željeza. Važno je izbjegavati lijekove koji mogu pogoršati ili uzrokovati simptome RLS-a, kao i liječiti bolesti koje se mogu biti njegov uzrok.Restless legs syndrome (abr. RLS) or Wittmaack-Ekbom syndrome is characterized by an irresistible urge to move body in order to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs. Moving the affected body part modulates the sensations, providing temporary relief. Patophysiology of RLS is still unclear, but studies point towards functional dopamine disfunction. Depending on etiology, RLS can be primary or secondary. Both are usually worsend after any kind of surgery. Treatment of RLS comprise of identifying the cause of symptoms when possible. Pharmacotherapy of primary RLS includes dopamine agonists as the first line drugs for everyday symptoms, anticonvulsants and opioids for treatment of resistant cases, as well as levodopa and benzodizepines. In treating secondary RLS iron supplements are used. It is important to avoid the drugs that can worsen RLS or cause simptoms of RLS, as well as treating diseases that may be the cause of RLS