TEACHING METHODS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS

U radu smo nastojali da razumemo i prikažemo gledište nastavnika o tome koje su metode rada u nastavi najefektivnijie i zbog čega, kojim se smernicama treba rukovoditi prilikom odabira metoda rada, koja znanja i veštine nastavnik treba da poseduje kako bi što adekvatnije odabrao metode rada, kao i na koji način se ta znanja i veštine stiču. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 119 nastavnika predmetne nastave iz osnovnih, srednjih stručnih škola i gimnazija na teritoriji grada Beograda. Upitnik korišćen u istraživanju se uglavom sastojao od pitanja otvorenog tipa, što nam je omogućilo da dobijemo bogat korpus podataka koje su nastavnici smatrali važnim kada je reč o metodama kojima se koriste u radu. Osnovi nalazi su da u našoj školskoj sredini dominiraju predavačke metode i da ne postoji u dovoljnoj meri usmerenost na individualizaciju nastave. Ohrabrujuće je da postoji saradnja sa kolegama pri izboru metoda, kao i svest o značaju pedagoško-psihološko-metodičkih znanja za adekvatan odabir metoda rada u nastavi i, sledstveno tome, svest o nedovoljnosti inicijalnog obrazovanja nastavnika da nastavnike u zadovoljavajućoj meri osposobi za njihov rad u školi.In this paper we attempted to understand and present teachers\u27 points of view on what methods of teaching were the most effective and why, what guidelines should be applied in selecting methods, what important knowledge and skills teachers should possess in order to select the most adequate methods, and how this knowledge and skills were acquired. The study included 119 subject teachers from elementary and high schools in Belgrade. The questionnaire, which was constructed for the purpose of this research, was mainly composed of open-ended questions. That allowed us to obtain a rich body of data that teachers considered important when it came to methods they used in their work. The main results show that in Serbian schools scholastic methods are dominant and that the focus on the individualization of teaching process is deficient. It is encouraging that this research has shown that there is collaboration with colleagues in the process of choosing the methods, as well as teachers\u27 awareness of the importance of pedagogical, psychological and methodical knowledge in selecting the appropriate teaching methods. Consequently there exists the awareness on the inadequacy of initial teacher education sufficiently enabling teachers for their work in school