Reasons and Conditions Under Which the Town of Koprivnica Emerged; Its Place Among Other Medieval Urban Settlements

U prvom dijelu rada se preispituje nastanak grada Koprivnice u vremenu. Zaključak je da su se politički (mađarsko osvajanje zapadne Slavonije), a zatim i društveni uvjeti (organizacija prostora, kolonizacija) za nastanak gradskog naselja na mjestu Koprivnice stekli tek u XII. stoljeću, a da je naselje urbanizirano u XIII. stoljeću. Naglašava se uloga arheologije u istraživanju ranih razdoblja razvoja grada. Zatim se pokušava shvatiti zašto je Koprivnica tako kasno postala slobodni kraljevski grad i iznosi se teza da je to posljedica blizine ranije povlaštenih Križevaca. U drugom dijelu rada analiziraju se razlozi nastanka grada baš na mjestu gdje se razvila i zašto je postala najjače naselje ovog dijela Podravine. Zaključak je da je za to najodlučniji bio odnos prema pogodnim prijelazima na Dravi kod Zakanya i niskoj lepavinskoj previji. Mjesto Koprivnice u hijerarhiji urbanih naselja ovog dijela Hrvatske pokušava se odrediti upotrebom Christallerove metode te se označavaju naselja koja su u neposrednoj koprivničkoj zoni utjecaja i ona koja su na rubu ove zone prema drugim gradovima. Četvrti dio rada ispituje utjecaj Koprivnice na okolinu preko funkcija koje grad vrši (trgovina, obrt, vojno – obrambena funkcija, vjerska funkcija i dr.) i zaključuje se da je ovo djelovanje pretežno lokalno tj. otprilike do pola puta do susjednih gradova. Tek neka djelovanja pojedinaca i povremena strateška uloga Koprivnice kao utvrđenog naselja prelaze ove uske okvire.The first part of this paper questions the emerging of the town Koprivnica. A conclusion is that political preconditions were finally put in place in the 12th century (Hungarians conquering western Slavonnia); it was followed by social preconditions in the 13th century (spatial organization, colonization) to establish a civic settlement that was urbanized in the 13th century. The paper emphasizes importance of archeology in research of the townís early development. Then it probes the reasons for late blooming and its delayed proclamation of a ëfree royal boroughí. The author has a hypothesis that this late development is due to special privileges and favoring of nearby town of Krizevci. The second part of the paper analyses the reasons to build the town right here and why the town developed into the largest one in this part of Podravina. The conclusion is that the most influential of all reasons was proximity of river crossings over Drava River nearby Zakany and lowlands of Lepavina. Koprivnicaís place in urban settlements hierarchy of these parts of Croatia is determined by use of Christallerís spatial hierarchy method; settlements in Koprivnicaís immediate zone of influence are marked, just as those on the outskirts towards the other towns. The fourth part of this paper questions Koprivnicaís influence over its surrounding area through its civic functions (trade, guilds, artisans, military- defense, religion etc.). The author concludes that this influence is mostly local, i.e. approximately half way to neighboring towns. Only some occasional acts and random strategic role of Koprivnica as a defense outpost go beyond this narrow role