Primjena lančane reakcije polimerazom za određivanje genetski modificiranog zrnja soje sorte Roundup ReadyTM u smjesi s drugim sortama

Strong increase in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) observed over the years has led to a consolidation of transgenic seed industries worldwide. The dichotomy between the evaluated risk and the perceived risk of transgenic use has defined their level of acceptability among different global societies. GMOs have been widely applied to agricultural commodities, among them the Roundup Ready™ (RR™) soybean line GTS 40-3-2 has become the most prevalent transgenic crop in the world. This variety was developed to confer plant tolerance against glyphosate-based agricultural herbicide Roundup Ready™. Issues related to detection and traceability of GMOs have gained worldwide interest due to their increasing global diffusion and the related socioeconomic and health implications. Also, due to the widespread use of GMOs in food production, labelling regulations have been established in some countries to protect the right of consumers and producers. Besides regulatory demand, consumer concern issues have resulted in the development of several methods of detecting and quantifying foods derived from genetically engineered crops and their raw materials. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been proven to be the method of choice to detect the presence or absence of the introduced genes of GMOs at DNA level. The present paper aims to verify whether the PCR technique can detect RR™ soybean seeds among conventional ones to further certification as non-GM soybean seeds and grains. This analysis could be accomplished through the development of new methodology called \u27intentional contamination\u27 of soybean conventional seeds or grains with the respective RR™ soybeans. The results show that the PCR method can be applied with high sensitivity in order to certify conventional soybean seeds and grains.Povećana je proizvodnja genetski modificiranog organizama uzrokovala konsolidaciju industrije transgenog sjemena diljem svijeta. Dihotomija između procijenjenog i opaženog rizika uporabe transgenog sjemena odredila je razinu njegove prihvatljivosti u različitim društvenim zajednicama. Genetski se modificirani organizmi već uvelike primjenjuju u poljoprivredi, a Roundup ReadyTM (RRTM) linija soje GTS 40-3-2 prevladavajući je transgeni usjev u svijetu. Ova je sorta razvijena da bi stekla otpornost na glifosatni herbicid Roundup ReadyTM. Određivanje i sljedivost genetski modificiranih organizama (GMO) vrlo je važno jer se GMO sve više koristi, a njegova primjena ima socioekonomske i zdravstvene posljedice. Također se zbog raširene uporabe GMO u proizvodnji hrane u nekim zemljama uvela obveza označavanja proizvoda radi zaštite prava proizvođača i potrošača. Osim zahtjeva za regulativom, potrošači traže i nadzor nad GMO, pa je razvijeno nekoliko metoda za detekciju i kvantificiranje hrane koja potječe iz transgenih usjeva i sirovina. Lančana reakcija polimerazom (PCR) najbolja je metoda za detekciju introduciranih gena GMO na razini DNK. Stoga je u radu istraženo može li PCR metoda odrediti zrna RRTM soje među konvencionalnim zrnjem, te može li se primijeniti za certifikaciju sjemena koje nije genetski modificirano. Postupak se sastoji od namjerne kontaminacije konvencionalnog sjemena zrnjem RRTM soje i određivanja GMO zrnja PCR metodom. Utvrđeno je da se ova metoda s visokom sigurnošću može primijeniti pri certifikaciji konvencionalnog sjemena