Causes of the first Posavina rebellion (1653-1659) and the role of Ivan Zakmardi Dijankovečki in its documenting

Osnovni uzroci posavskih seljačkih buna u 17. stoljeću bili su u krupnim društveno-gospodarskim promjenama (rekomutacija feudalne rente) te u težnji skupine podložnika za postizanjem statusa pravih krajišnika. Nametanje tlake kao glavnog oblika feudalne eksploatacije od strane obitelji Erdödy izazivala je odlučan otpor među ionako obespravljenim kmetovima, koji su se svim silama borili za olakšice i stare pravice. U njihovim brojnim predstavkama višim državnim tijelima i predstavnicima vlasti ističe se uloga Ivana Zakmardija kao protonotara i aktivnog sudionika kraljevske komisije za smirivanje posavskih buna, čiji je rad ostavio brojne povijesne dokumente od ključne važnosti za proučavanje dotične problematike.The true social situation in Posavina of the mid 17th century can be described as a dynamic sequence of important socio-economic changes (recommutation, refeudalization, defense from the Turks), all of them caused by social movements in wider European territory. Economic poverty of Croatia resulted from constant war uncertainty regarding Turkish attacks and con“icts in Vojna Krajina/the Croatian Military Border on one side, and on the other side from con“icts within very feudal structures. Bearing this in mind, frequent clashes in the 17th century Posavina were just a logical outcome of abovementioned social turmoils. By fighting newly installed forms of exploiting and striving for military relaxations they found their modus vivendi known as ‘search for justice’. The protonotary Ivan Zakmardi, who represented high nobility and acted as a high state official, was a key figure in the Posavina uprisings: by keeping numerous records covering the problems of Posavina he gathered evidence that is today a basis for investigations