PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH AND ALCOHOLISM: EXPERIENCE OF CLUBS OF TREATED ALCOHOLICS

U radu se prikazuje iskustvo profesionalnog djelovanja u klubovima liječenih alkoholičara (u daljnjem tekstu: KLA) kroz perspektivu psihosocijalnog pristupa. U prvom dijelu naznačuje se kontekst djelovanja klubova, a potom se daje kritički osvrt na implementaciju psihosocijalnog pristupa. Kroz takav pristup prepoznati su različiti aspekti u rehabilitaciji i resocijalizaciji osobe liječene od alkoholizma: psihološki, socijalni, spiritualni, kulturološki i rodni. S obzirom da klubovi njeguju obiteljski pristup uz istovremeno prisustvo liječene osobe i člana obitelji, potrebno je koristiti različite metode koje prate potrebe pojedinaca, obiteljskog podsustava kao i cijelog KLA-a kao grupe korisnika. U odnosu pomagača i članova se, osvještavajući njihove moguće otpore, koriste načela suradnog odnosa i poštivanja prava na samoodređenje. Zaključno se prikazuju mogućnosti unapređenja pristupa KLA-u kao i daljnjeg praktičnog i znanstvenog pristupa socijalnih radnika alkoholizmu.The article presents the experience of professional activities in the clubs of treated alcoholics (hereinafter: the CTA) through the psychosocial approach perspective. In the first part of the article, the context in which the clubs are operating is explained and a critical overview of the implementation of the psychosocial approach is provided. Such approach enables the recognition of various aspects in rehabilitation and resocialization of a treated alcoholic: psychological, social, spiritual, cultural as well as gender ones. Due to the fact that the clubs foster a family approach, i.e. the simultaneous presence of a treated individual and a member of his/her family, different methods should be used in order to cater the needs of the individual, the family sub-system as well as the entire CTA as a group of users. In the relationship of helpers and members, the principles of a cooperative relationship and respect of the right to self-determination are used in parallel with raising awareness of possible forms of resistance. The conclusion presents the possibilities of enhancing the CTA approach as well as further practical and scientific approaches of social workers to alcoholism