Natural Legal Incapacity as a Cause of Invalidity of Legal Transaction

Počev od rimskih vremena pa sve do prve polovice 19. stoljeća pojam poslovne sposobnosti čovjeka uglavnom se ograničavao na objektivnu stranu te sposobnosti (godine života). Subjektivno stanje se uvažavalo mnogo manje i ono se uglavnom odnosilo na duševne bolesti i smetnje u duševnom razvoju. U novije vrijeme (druga polovica 19. st. i 20. st.) se moguća subjektivna stanja koja izazivaju prirodnu poslovnu nesposobnost sve više šire i zahvaćaju gotovo sve moguće tjelesne i psihičke smetnje zbog kojih čovjek ne može donositi pravno racionalne odluke u pravnom prometu. Takvo širenje koncepta učenja o prirodnoj poslovnoj (ne)sposobnosti želi napose zaštiti mlade i neiskusne ali isto tako i stare i nemoćne ljude. To je ujedno najbolja strana tako moderniziranog koncepta. Mora se, s druge strane paziti da to ne dovede do veće pravne nesigurnosti. Moraju se moći naći "osigurači" koji će to spriječiti. Bez toga ovaj hvalevrijedan i moderniziran koncept o prirodnoj poslovnoj sposobnosti ne bi imao svoje opravdanje.From Roman times until the first part of 19th century the notion of legal capacity of a person has been mostly limited to the objective side of that capacity (years of age). The subjective side was accepted a lot less and in most cases it was referred to mental illness and disorders in mental development. In recent times (the second part of 19th and 20th century) possible subjective conditions causing natural legal incapacity have been more and more broadened comprising almost all possible physical and psychical disturbances because of which a person cannot make rational decisions in legal operations. Described widening of the teaching concept of natural legal (in)capacity is first of all aimed at protecting youngsters and inexperienced persons as well as elderly and weak persons. Moreover, this is the best side of in such a way modernized concept. On the other way, it is necessary to pay attention not to cause a higher extent of legal uncertainty by applying the concept. “Fuses” have to be identified to stop the uncertainty. Otherwise, this praiseworthy and modernized concept of natural legal capacity would not be justified