Int J Tuberc Lung Dis

SettingEven in persons with complete treatment of their first tuberculosis (TB) episode, patients with a TB history are at higher risk for having TB.ObjectiveDescribe factors from the initial TB episode associated with recurrent TB among patients who completed treatment and remained free of TB for at least 12 months.DesignUS TB cases, stratified by birth origin, during 1993\u20132006 were examined. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to assess the association of factors during the initial episode with recurrence at least 12 months after treatment completion.ResultsAmong 632 US-born patients, TB recurrence was associated with age 25\u201344 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.77, 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20133.09, attributable fraction [AF] 1%\u201334%), substance use (aHR 1.57, 99%CI 1.23\u20132.02, AF 8%\u201322%), and treatment supervised by health departments (aHR 1.42, 99%CI 1.03\u20131.97, AF 2%\u201328%). Among 211 foreign-born patients, recurrence was associated with HIV infection (aHR 2.24, 99%CI 1.27\u20133.98, AF 2%\u20139%) and smear-positive TB (aHR 1.56, 99%CI 1.06\u20132.30, AF 3%\u201333%).ConclusionFactors associated with recurrence differed by birth origin and might be useful for anticipating greater risk for recurrent TB among certain patients with a TB history.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2017-01-01T00:00:00Z26688528PMC50827388412vault:1987