Household water treatment : flocculation/disinfectant powser

Studies have shown that household water treatment and safe storage interventions improve water quality and reduce diarrheal disease incidence in developing countries. Five of these proven options \ue2\u20ac\u201c chlorination, solar disinfection, ceramic filtration, slow sand filtration, and flocculation/disinfection \ue2\u20ac\u201c are widely implemented in developing countries. The decision of selecting which options are most appropriate for a community is often difficult, depending on existing water and sanitation conditions, cultural acceptability, implementation feasibility, availability of technology, and other local conditions. This series of technical bulletins is designed to assist organizations in comparing and selecting the most appropriate options.Publication date from document properties.The Procter & Gamble Company developed P&GTM Purifier of WaterTM in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. P&GTM sachets are now centrally produced in Pakistan, and sold to non- governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide at a cost of 3.5 US cents per sachet. The P&GTM product is a small sachet containing powdered ferric sulfate (a flocculant) and calcium hypochlorite (a disinfectant). P&GTM was designed to reverse-engineer a water treatment plant, incorporating the multiple barrier processes of removal of particles and disinfection. To treat water with P&GTM , users open the sachet, add the contents to an open bucket containing 10 liters of water, stir for 5 minutes, let the solids settle to the bottom of the bucket, strain the water through a cotton cloth into a second container, and wait 20 minutes for the hypochlorite to inactivate the microorganisms.Publication date fromo document properties.Flocculant/disinfectant powder -- Lab effectiveness, field effectiveness, and health impact -- Benefits, drawbacks, and appropriateness -- Implementation examples -- Economics and scalability