PROBLEMS IN COLLECTING OUTSTANDING DEBTS IN ENTERPRISES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Zastoj u gospodarskom rastu, kriza i recesija pogađaju sve zemlje i sva poduzeća. Nitko ih ne želi, a svi bi ih željeli što prije proći i sa što manje posljedica. Vrlo je važno spoznati činitelje zbog kojih se pojavljuju ti problemi kako bi se na njih moglo utjecati i usmjeravati ih u željenom pravcu. Nedvojbeno je da se problemi s nenaplaćenim potraživanjima pojavljuju s početkom krize, da najavljuju krizu i da je snažno produbljuju ako se brzo i učinkovito ne riješe. S toga stajališta može se reći da su nenaplaćena potraživanja istodobno uzroci i posljedica gospodarske krize i zastoja. Problemi s naplatom potraživanja postoje u svim gospodarskim sustavima i u svim zemljama i u svakom razdoblju, a razlikuje se njihova veličina i intenzitet. U Bosni i Hercegovini (kao i u drugim tranzicijskim zemljama) ti problemi su najviše izraženi jer ne postoje izgrađeni mehanizmi za njihovo otklanjanje. Mogu postojati i poslovati poduzeća koja su mjesecima (i godinama) nelikvidna i koja ne plaćaju dospjele obveze, da povjeritelji ne mogu naplatiti svoja potraživanja, da su u nekim slučajevima gotovo bez ikakve vrijednosti instrumenti osiguranja naplate potraživanja, da ne funkcionira pravni sustav i da se potraživanja ne mogu naplatiti ni sudskim putem.Slowed economic growth, crisis and recession are taking place in all countries and all enterprises. Nobody wants these phenomena to happen, and everyone would like to endure as few consequences as possible and pull through the problems. It is very important to recognize the factors which cause these problems in order to influence their resolution and handle them the right way. Without a doubt, problems in collecting outstanding debts appear with the beginning of a crisis. They announce the crisis and intensify it if they are not resolved quickly and efficiently. From this point of view, it could be said that outstanding debts are at the same time causes and effects of an economic crisis and of slowed economic growth. Problems in collecting outstanding debts exist in all economic systems in all countries and in every period, but they differ in their scope and intensity. In Bosnia Herzegovina (as in other transition countries) these problems are especially evident since there are no developed mechanisms for their elimination. Enterprises can exist and do business there although they have had liquidity problems for months (or years) and have had unpaid arrears. Creditors cannot collect outstanding debts, and in some cases the instruments of collecting outstanding debts are worthless. The legal system is not functioning and the debts cannot be collected through legal action