Prevalence and Correlates of Asthma Among Children in Central St. Petersburg, Russia: Cross-sectional Study

Aim To estimate the prevalence of asthma among children in central St. Petersburg and to evaluate associations between asthma and socio-demographic, biological, and environmental factors. Methods A cross-sectional study included 1464 children aged 0-18 years from two central districts of St. Petersburg. Parents filled out a questionnaire on children’s respiratory health, characteristics at birth, socio-demographic data, housing situation, and their own history of asthma and allergies. The diagnosis of asthma was based on the results of spirometry in children aged ≥5 years and on questionnaire data as reported by parents of younger children. Independent effects of the investigated factors on asthma were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results The estimated prevalence of asthma was 7.4% (95% CI, 6.2-8.8). A history of allergies (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.6), bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia in infancy (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 7.3-20.5), and selfreported parental allergies (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.2-5.8 for one parent and OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 3.0-17.0 for both parents) were associated with childhood asthma. Children whose mothers were out of work also had higher prevalence of asthma than the reference group (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1- 10.4). Conclusion The prevalence of asthma is several times higher than what is officially reported for St. Petersburg’s inner city children population. Early life events and socio-demographic and biologic factors were associated with asthma in children