Resistance risk assessment of lepidopterous pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac protein of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in Brazil

A soja geneticamente modificada MON 87701 × MON 89788, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, que expressa genes que codificam a proteína Cry1Ac de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner e a proteína 5-enolpiruvilchiquimato-3-fosfato sintase de Agrobacterium sp., foi liberada para uso comercial no Brasil em 2010. Para subsidiar um programa de Manejo da Resistência de Insetos (MRI) foi realizada a avaliação de risco de evolução de resistência a Cry1Ac para as pragas-alvo primárias, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner e Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), a praga-alvo secundária Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) e as pragas nãoalvo Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) e Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Em bioensaios com a proteína Cry1Ac purificada incorporada em dieta artificial, verificou-se que Cry1Ac foi extremamente ativa para A. gemmatalis [CL50 (IC 95%) = 0,23 (0,15 - 0,34) g Cry1Ac/mL de dieta], P. includens [CL50 (IC 95%) = 3,72 (2,65 - 4,86) g Cry1Ac/mL de dieta] e H. virescens [CL50 (IC 95%) = 0,026 (0,021 - 0,033) g de Cry1Ac/mL de dieta]. Em contraste, na máxima concentração testada de 100 g Cry1Ac/mL de dieta, S. cosmioides e S. eridania apresentaram mortalidade 95%. Em bioensaios com discos de folha em laboratório (para A. gemmatalis, P. includens e H. virescens), vagens (para H. virescens) e elevada infestação em condições de casa de vegetação e de infestação natural em campo (para A. gemmatalis e P. includens) foram obtidas alta eficácia da soja MON 87701 × MON 89788 no controle das pragas-alvo primárias e secundária. Por outro lado, a soja MON 87701 × MON 89788 apresentou baixa eficácia para S. cosmioides e S. eridania (mortalidade 95% larval stunting. In bioassays with leaf discs in the laboratory to (A. gemmatalis, P. includens and H. virescens), pods (H. virescens), high pest infestation studies under greenhouse conditions and in natural infestation in the field (to A. gemmatalis and to P. includens) showed a very high level of efficacy against these primary and secondary target pests. On the other hand, soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 showed low efficacy to S. cosmioides and S.eridania (mortality < 7%), and intermediate activity to S. frugiperda (32 to 47% of mortality). MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean did not affect the biological parameters of S. cosmoides and S. eridania. For S. frugiperda, the larval stage was prolonged (» 5 days), with reduction on larval and total viability, increase in generation time (» 8 days) and reduction in the intrinsic rate of increase (» 41%). In the context of IRM, MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean expresses the Cry1Ac protein at levels that are high-dose for A. gemmatalis and H. virescens, and near to the highdose for P. includens. On the other hand, for the Spodoptera species, MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean is a low-dose event, because it allows susceptible individuals to complete larval developement. In terms of IPM, MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean provided a high level of control of A. gemmatalis, P. includens and H. virescens. However, MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean was not effective to control Spodoptera species. The information obtained in this research will contribute to develop IRM programs and to preserve the durability of this technology for soybean IPM in Brazil