Sociodemografske i medicinske značajke prisilno liječenih psihijatrijskih bolesnika - retrospektivna studija petogodišnjeg iskustva primjene zakona o zaštiti osoba s duševnim smetnjama

The aim of this study was to analyze sociodemographic and medical characteristics of involuntary psychiatric inpatients treated during the five-year period of implementation of the Croatian Act on Mental Health. Data on involuntarily hospitalized patients according to the Croatian Act on Mental Health were singled out from the pool of inpatients treated at University Department of Psychiatry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital from January 1, 1998 till December 31, 2002. Data were collected from medical records. Patients were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision criteria. The prevalence of involuntary hospitalization was 2%, including a comparative number of male and female patients. Most patients had secondary school, were living alone, were unmarried, widowed or divorced, and did not work at the time of hospitalization; however, most patients had some kind of health insurance. Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis in involuntary psychiatric inpatients. In conclusion, scientific evaluation of involuntary hospitalization poses a major problem because of the many different factors that can influence the prevalence of involuntary hospitalization. Some of this factors are type of institution (psychiatric hospital or psychiatry department at a general hospital), organization of psychiatric care in the region, psychiatric morbidity and dynamics of changes in psychiatric morbidity in a specific region, public opinion about people with mental disorders, legal provisions on this very sensitive topic, etc.Cilj ove studije bio je analizirati sociodemografske i medicinske značajke prisilno hospitaliziranih i liječenih bolesnika u petogodišnjem razdoblju primjene Zakona o mentalnom zdravlju. Od svih bolnički liječenih bolesnika na Klinici za psihijatriju Kliničke bolnice "Sestre milosrdnice" u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 1998. do 31. prosinca 2002. izuzeli smo one prisilno hospitalizirane prema Zakonu o mentalnom zdravlju. Svi podaci za analizu prikupljeni su iz medicinske dokumentacije. Bolesnici su bili dijagnosticirani prema kriterijima ICD-10. Učestalost prisilnih hospitalizacija bila je 2%. Bio je jednak broj prisilno hospitaliziranih muških i ženskih bolesnika. Većina bolesnika ima završenu srednju školu, žive sami, neoženjeni su, rastavljeni ili udovci, u vrijeme hospitalizacije nisu radili, a većina ih ima neku vrst zdravstvenog osiguranja. Shizofrenija je bila najčešća dijagnoza prisilno hospitaliziranih i liječenih bolesnika. U zaključku, problem znanstvene procjene prisilne hospitalizacije vrlo je težak zbog mnogo različitih čimbenika koji mogu utjecati na učestalost prisilne hospitalizacije. Neki od tih čimbenika su vrsta ustanove (psihijatrijska bolnica ili psihijatrijski odjel unutar opće bolnice), organizacija psihijatrijske skrbi u regiji, psihijatrijski pobol i dinamika promjena psihijatrijskog pobola u pojedinoj regiji, mišljenje građana o psihijatrijskim bolesnicima te zakonska regulacija ovoga specifičnog pitanja