Natural regeneration of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands on northern Velebit

Background and Purpose: Natural regeneration is a natural phenomenon that depends on numerous factors. Regeneration of virgin forests is successful even without any human interference. For the regeneration of economic forests we do not have that much time and thus try to speed up the process. The study of factors involved in natural regeneration as the most perfect system of forest ecosystem regeneration requires long lasting research. Material and Methods: Numbers and heights of seedlings and new growths, as well as the species participating in natural regeneration were measured on four test plots over the period of four years (1995, 1998, 1999, 2000). The plots were located at different elevations and contained different plant communities. The Norway spruce seed yield and its quality (germination) were also researched. Results: Very poor appearance of seedlings and new growth and even the decline in the numbers were observed on all test plots. This can be directly correlated to management in which single-tree selection management and piling of timber supply result in poor light conditions and gradual disappearance of Norway spruce. Seed germination ranging from 13% on plot I to 48% on plot II shows that the seed has very low natural germination and only abundant crops can lead to greater natural regeneration. Conclusion: Norway spruce is a species whose natural regeneration in the above mentioned structural and site conditions is a difficult process. Natural regeneration of Norway spruce is affected by management, timber supply, condition of vegetation on the soil, as well as the intensity of light. The seed quality and its quantity did not affect regeneration on test plot