DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS IN MINIMUM SOIL TILLAGE, APPLICATION OF CHISEL PLOUGH AND PARAPLOUGH, AND CONSERVATION SOIL TILLAGE AND SOME OF PECULIARITIES

Ovaj rad bavi se razvojnim tendencijama u minimalnoj obradi tla, primjeni čizel pluga i "parapluga" u obradi tla, ulozi posebno konstruiranih sijačica u sustavu konzervacijske obrade tla, utroškom energije, postupcima sa slamom i suzbijanjem korova. Ukratko, minimalna obrada tla duboko se ukorijenila u praksu, što proistječe iz ekologije pojedinih regija, pa o njima ovisi i oblik minimalne obrade koja se primjenjuje. Obrada tla čizelom prihvaćena je ograničeno. To bi se moglo reći i za obradu "paraplugom". Širenje konzervacijske obrade tla ovisi o tehničkim inovacijama, pa će u tom pogledu značajno mjesto zauzeti novokonstruirane sijačice. Utrošak energije smanjuje se također primjenom konzervacijske obrade tla, iako je ovo pitanje još nedovoljno istraženo. Unošenje slame razmatra se s raznih aspekata, premda se ovaj problem svodi na dva učinka. Slama se može naći u ulozi malča ili činiti smetnje konzervacijskoj obradi tla. Pri suzbijanju pak korova pozornost treba posvetiti ekologiji i biologiji korova, te mehanizmima njihovog preživljavanja, odnosno interakciji između usjeva, korova, herbicida i obrade, uvažavajući činjenicu da se već i samom konzervacijskom obradom uništavaju korovi.The paper deals with the development trends in minimum soil tillage, application of chisel plough and paraplough in soil tillage, role of specially constructed drills in the conservation tillage system, energy consumption, straw involving procedures and weed control. Briefly, minimum soil tillage has become strongly established in the practice, depending on the ecology of different regions, which also determines the form of minimum tillage applied. Soil tillage with chisel plough has been accepted to a limited extent, which also holds for the paraplough. As spread of conservation tillage depends on technical innovations, newly constructed drills will have a significant role in this respect. Energy consumption is also reduced by conservation tillage, though this issue has been insufficiently studied to date. Introduction of straw is being considered from various aspects, though the problem is reduced to two effects. Straw may have the role of mulch or it can interfere with conservation tillage. In weed control, attention should be paid to weed ecology and biology, as well as to mechanisms of weed survival, that is, interactions between crops, weeds, herbicides and tillage, taking into account the fact that weeds are destroyed by conservation tillage itself