One Church in and from many Churches. Relation between Universal Church and Particular Churches in the Light of the Discussion between Joseph Ratzinger and Walter Kasper

Autor u članku analizira raspravu između J. Ratzingera i W. Kaspera o odnosu opće Crkve i partikularnih Crkava. U samom uvodu osvrće se prije svega na situaciju u Hrvatskoj u kojoj u medijima nedostaju ozbiljne ekleziološke analize. One koje se bave Crkvom pretežito ju promatraju kao sociološku veličinu. Osim toga čini da se se ne pridaje nikakvo teološko značenje partikularnoj Crkvi jer to kod mnogih izaziva sumnje glede ortodoksnosti. Na samome početku autor se bavi i problematikom prijevoda osnovnih pojmova, posebice »partikularna Crkva« s obzirom da je u hrvatskom jeziku terminologija veoma neujednačena i ponekad teološki neispravna. U prvome poglavlju govori se o razvoju promišljanja o odnosu između opće i partikularnih Crkava polazeći do II. vatikanskog sabora pa sve do početka rasprave između Kaspera i Ratzingera. Autor ne analizira mnoga teološka djela objavljena o toj temi nego se usredotočuje na analizu trećeg poglavlja Dogmatske konstitucije »Lumen gentium«, završnog dokumenta II. izvanredne biskupske sinode u Rimu 1985., i dokumenta Kongregacije za nauk vjere »O nekim vidovima Crkve kao communio«. Kroz ta tri dokumenta analizira stavove, pomake i promjene naglasaka koji su se dogodili u poslije saborskom razdoblju. Oni naime pokazuju svu dramu saborske i poslije saborske recepcije pojmova »communio«, odnosa između opće i partikularnih Crkava kao i pitanja uloge biskupskog kolegija. U drugom poglavlju autor se usredotočuje na različite etape rasprave između kardinala Ratzingera i Kaspera, polazeći od Kasperovog teksta u kojem se kritiziraju neki stavovi izneseni u dokumentu Kongregacije za nauk vjere iz 1992. Donose se bitni elementi rasprave koja je našla odjeka u mnogim zemljama, posebice u Njemačkoj i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, razlike u stavovima kao i suglasje u nekim promišljanjima. Autor članka konstatira razvoj u oblikovanju stavova, međusobno osluškivanje dvojice poznatih teologa, ali i njihove nepremostive razlike. U zaključku članka nudi se ne samo sažetak bitnih elemenata rasprave nego i osvrt na situaciju u Hrvatskoj u svjetlu ove rasprave.The author of the article analyses the discussion between J. Ratzinger and W. Kasper concerning the universal and particular Churches. In the introduction, attention is directed towards the situation in Croatia where there exist a lack of serious ecclesiastical analysis in the media. Those involved with the Church basically observe her as a sociological majority. Besides that, it seems that no theological importance is given to the particular Church because it provokes much doubt with respect to orthodoxy. At the very beginning of the article the author deals with the problem of translating fundamental concepts, especially »particular Church« due to the fact the in the Croatian language the terminology is ambiguous and sometimes theologically incorrect. The first chapter talks of the development of the relation between universal and particular Churches from the Second Vatican Council up until the discourse between Kasper and Ratzinger. The author does not analyze many theological works published on the theme but rather is directed towards the analysis of the third chapter of the dogmatic constitution »Lumen Gentium«, the final document of the Second extraordinary Bishop\u27s Synod in Rome 1985, and the document from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith »Concerning Some Aspects of the Church as Communio«. These three documents analyze attitudes, advances and changes in emphasis which have occurred in the period after the Council. They show the complete conciliar drama and the conciliar reception of the terms »communion«, the relation between the universal and particular Churches, and the question of the role of the Collegiality of Bishops. In the second chapter the author concentrates on different stages of the discourse between Ratzinger and Kasper, starting from Kaper\u27s text in which he criticizes some attitudes expressed in the document from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1992. Some important elements of the discourse are presented that have reverberated in many countries, especially in Germany and the United States of America, that have found agreement in some aspects and differences of opinion in others. The author of the article states that there exist a development in the formation of opinion, and a mutual listening capability of both renowned theologians, but also their irreconcilable differences. The article concludes with the a summary of the most important elements of the discourse and a recapitulation of the situation in Croatia in the context of the aforesaid discourse