EFFECT OF FAMILY FARM SIZE, SEASON AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTION AND MILK QUALITY

Obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva u Hrvatskoj su različita po strukturnim, organizacijskim i socijalnim značajkama. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazala su na nisku razinu proizvodnje i dohodovnosti na većini obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava koja se bave proizvodnjom mlijeka. Njihov razvoj i struktura ne zadovoljavaju uvjete pravog tržišnog gospodarstva, te su za prijelaz u ozbiljne uvjete tržišnog gospodarenja, potrebne velike promjene u strukturi, organizaciji, proizvodnji, upravljanju i poslovanju gospodarstava. Cilj rada je utvrđivanje utjecaja veličine poljoprivrednog gospodarstva na proizvodnju i kvalitetu tržno isporučenog kravljeg mlijeka, te primjerenost hranidbe kroz sadržaj uree u mlijeku. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo dvanaest obiteljskih gospodarstava koja se bave proizvodnjom mlijeka, a praćenje je provedeno tijekom 2005. godine. Na velikim i srednjim obiteljskim gospodarstvima uočen je trend povećanja proizvodnje mlijeka, dočim je na malim obiteljskim gospodarstvima uočena stagnacija količine tržno isporučenog mlijeka. Velika i srednja obiteljska gospodarstva isporučuju mlijeko bolje tržne kvalitete. Najveći sadržaj masti u mlijeku zabilježen je na malim obiteljskim gospodarstvima. Utvrđena razina utjecaja sezone na sadržaj masti u mlijeku je statistički signifikantna. Utjecaj veličine gospodarstva i sezone na sadržaj bjelančevina u mlijeku signifikantne je razine (P<0,01). Utvrđeni utjecaj veličine gospodarstva i managementa hranidbe na broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku statistički je signifikantan (P<0,01). Utjecaj managementa hranidbe na broj mikroorganizama u mlijeku je statistički signifikantan (P<0,05). Dinamika promjene sadržaja uree u mlijeku ukazuje na određene sezonske manjkavosti obroka u pogledu udjela bjelančevina i energije.Family dairy farms in Croatia differ in structural, organizational and social characteristics. The past researches have indicated the low level production and profits on most of the family farms oriented to milk production. Their development and structure do not meet the requirements of the actual market economy, and for their transit to serious market economy, big changes in the structure, organization, production, management and farm economy are needed. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of family dairy farm size on the production and quality of market delivered cows milk, and the adequacy of feeding by the concentration of urea in the milk. The research included twelve family farms oriented to milk production and the observation was carried out during 2005. Milk fat and proteins content was determined by infrared spectrophotometry, the number of somatic cells by fluoro-opto-electronic method, urea concentration by spectrophotometry modified Berthelot method, and the number of microorganisms by epifluoroscent free citometry. The trend of increased milk production was observed on big and medium family farms, but on small family dairy farms stagnation of quantity market delivered milk was observed. Big and medium family dairy farms deliver better quality milk to the market. The highest content milk fat was determined on small family farms. The determined level of season influence on milk fat content was significant. The influence of dairy farm size and seasons on milk protein content was also significant (P<0.01). The determined effect of dairy farm size and feeding management on the number of somatic cells in the milk was significant (P<0.01). The effect of feeding management on the number of microorganisms in the milk was significant (P