Protection of Maritime Demesne from unlawful Privatisation in the Process of Transition

Pomorsko dobro i privatizacija na prostorima Republike Hrvatske, a pogotovo na nekretninama koje su opće dobro (pomorsko dobro i javne ceste), i danas iziskuje pomnu analizu. Od početaka privatizacije na temelju Zakona o pretvorbi društvenih poduzeća (NN 19/91, 83/92, 84/92, 94/93, 2/94, 9/95, 21/96, 118/99) dolazilo je do nezakonite pretvorbe na nekretninama koje su nesporno bile pomorsko dobro u pravo vlasništva nad njima. Premda su mnogi teoretičari i praktičari upozoravali na nedopustivost i nezakonitost pretvaranja općeg dobra u pravo vlasništva, praksa pretvorbe i privatizacije nije baš previše marila za te vapaje. U radu se prikazuju svi relevantni radovi koji su se bavili razmatranim problemom. Posebno se prikazuje recentna sudska praksa s posebnim naglaskom na pravorijek Trgovačkog suda u Rijeci vezan uz nezakonitu pretvorbu Brodogradilišta "Viktor Lenac". Autori zastupaju motrište, kao i većina hrvatskih teoretičara, da se na pomorskom dobru nisu mogla a niti se sada mogu stjecati stvarna prava. Posebno se upućuje na potrebu sustavnog, brzog i efikasnog anuliranja nezakonitih upisa prava vlasništva na pomorskom dobru.Maritime demesne and privatisation in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, particularly of real estate as a public demesne (a maritime demesne and public roads) still require detailed analysis. From the very beginning of privatisation on the basis of the Act on the Transformation of Socially Owned Enterprises (Official Gazette NN 19/91, 83/92, 84/92, 94/93, 2/94, 9/95, 21/96, 118/99) maritime demesne was unlawfully transformed into an ownership right over real estate. Although many theoreticians and practitioners had previously pointed to the irregular and unlawful transformation of public demesne into an ownership right, the actors of transformation and privatisation in practice did not worry unduly about those warnings. In this paper, reference is made to all the relevant works dealing with this issue. In addition, the most recent case law is presented, with particular emphasis on the decision of the Commercial Court in Rijeka in relation to the illegal transformation of ownership of the “Viktor Lenac” shipyard. The authors, like most Croatian theoreticians, hold that no substantive rights may be acquired over any maritime demesne. Special emphasis is put on the need for the systematic, fast and efficient annulment of unlawful registrations of ownership rights over maritime demesne