Zimmermann\u27s critique of the understanding of Religion in the philosophy of Kant

U ovom radu autor analizira poimanje religije u filozofiji I. Kanta, koji je zatvorio svaki teoretski put do Boga, budući da, kako je smatrao, On ne može biti obuhvaćen mogućim iskustvom. S druge strane, pokušao je ljudskom umu otvoriti pristup k Bogu s praktično-moralne strane. Dakle ukinuo je znanje kako bi dobio mjesta za vjeru, smatrajući kako je dobro da tu tajnu ne možemo znati, nego samo vjerujemo da Bog jest. Na osnovu moralnoga reda izgrađuje se uvjerenje o Božjoj egzistenciji, a sigurnost o njoj nije više logička, nego moralna. Tako je moral temelj religije, a ne obratno. S. Zimmermann kritizira Kantovu spoznajnu teoriju o nespoznatljivosti transubjektivnog svijeta, pa tako i Božje egzistencije. On smatra da je Kantov teizam, promatran teoretski, postao antimetafizičan. Po Kantovu etičkom teizmu Bog je samo vrhovni uvjet razumskoga moralnog reda. Istina u pitanju o Božjem biti (esse) ne ostaje ništa nego agnosticizam (modernizam), kojemu je Kant filozofski roditelj. Zimmermann kritizira i odbacuje Kantovo stajalište prema kojemu je religija subjektivna potreba čovjeka koja nestaje kada on postane sposoban i zreo za djelovanje iz čiste moralne dužnosti, tj. samo zato jer mu njegov um tako zapovijeda.In this essay the author analyzes the concept of religion in the philosophy of Kant who had in effect closed every theoretical path to God, for he believed that God cannot be encompassed by possible experience. On the other hand, he attempted to render God accessible to the human mind from a practical-moral angle. In other words, he downgraded the importance of knowledge in order to create space for faith, out of his conviction that it is good for man not to have knowlege of this mystery, rather to simply believe that God exists. The moral order becomes the basis for the conviction that God exists, however one\u27s sense of certainty no longer rests on logic, but rather on morality. Morality then becomes the foundation of our religion and not the reverse. Zimmermann criticizes Kant\u27s knowledge theory on the unknowability of the transsubjective world and consequently God\u27s existence. He considers that Kant\u27s theism, when viewed theoretically, becomes antimetaphysical. Accordiing to Kant\u27s ethical theism, God is merely the supreme pre-condition for the existence of a rational moral order. The truth about the question of God\u27s being (esse) is nothing other than agnosticism (modernism), of which Kant is the philosophical father. Zimmermann criticizes and rejects Kant\u27s view of religion as a subjective need which disappears when man becomes mature and able to act purely out of a need to fulfill his moral duty, that is, solely because his reason demands it