Sewage sludge: characteristics and recovery options

In this paper, an overview on sewage sludge characteristics and recovery routes is presented. Starting from an analysis of typical sewage sludge characteristics as found in literature, the most promising disposal options are presented. A focus on incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) follows. Most of the authors agree on considering pyrolysis and gasification as the most viable treatments for sludge in the near future. For this reason, the last two chapters offer a brief description of these two processes and their products