The level of lake Ilay, Jura, France during the last three millennia are reconstructed from sedimentological and malacological analyses of a core that is well-dated by tree-ring, radiocarbon and pollen datings. Changes in sediment facies, in carbonate concretion assemblages and in mollusc assemblage highlight a major lowering phase at c. 1550 BP and minor lowering phases c. 2800 BP and shortly before AD 1394. Rises in lake level developed during the early subatlantic and between c. 1500 and 1000 BP. These data are in good agreement with other proxy data from higher European and American latitudes. These correlations support the climatic origin of the level fluctuations of the lake Ilay during the late Holocene. They suggest that the medieva...