Anatomical calibration of inertial and magnetic sensors for estimating upper limb kinematics

The use of inertial and magnetic sensors (MIMU) for the estimate of a consistent and clinically sound joint kinematics requires the knowledge of the orientation of the sensor with respect to the anatomical frame (AF) of each bony segment involved in the analysis. For upper limb kinematics, AF have been defined by using the direction of the angular velocity and gravity vectors as measured by the MIMU during selected segment’s rotations and fixed postures [1]. However, hyperacute patients may present an impaired mobility and may not be able to assume specific posture and/or perform calibration exercises. Aim of this study was to develop an anatomical calibration procedure definition procedure based on palpable anatomical landmarks (ALs) for the estimate of upper limb kinematics