The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited
- Weening, Jan J.
- D'Agati, Vivette D.
- Schwartz, Melvin M.
- Seshan, Surya V.
- Alpers, Charles E.
- Appel, Gerald B.
- Balow, James E.
- Bruijn, Jan A.
- Cook, Terence
- Ferrario, Franco
- Fogo, Agnes B.
- Ginzler, Ellen M.
- Hebert, Lee
- Hill, Gary
- Hill, Prue
- Jennette, J. Charles
- Kong, Norella C.
- Lesavre, Philippe
- Lockshin, Michael
- Looi, Lai-Meng
- Makino, Hirofumi
- Moura, Luiz A.
- Nagata, Michio
DOIAbstract
The currently used classification reflects our understanding of the pathogenesis of the various forms of lupus nephritis, but clinicopathologic studies have revealed the need for improved categorization and terminology. Based on the 1982 classification published under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequent clinicopathologic data, we propose that class I and II be used for purely mesangial involvement (I, mesangial immune deposits without mesangial hypercellularity; H, mesangial immune deposits with mesangial hypercellularity); class III for focal glomerulonephritis (involving <50% of total number of glomeruli) with subdivisions for active and sclerotic lesions; class IV for diffuse glomerulonephritis (involving &...
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