Photonic millimeter-wave frequency multiplication based on cascaded four-wave mixing and polarization pulling

This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.005055. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] A technique for the frequency multiplication of microwave signals based on the combination of two optical nonlinear phenomena in a single nonlinear fiber is investigated. Multiple four-wave mixing is used to generate harmonics on an externally modulated optical carrier while polarization pulling through stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to filter the desired harmonics. Microwave signals in the 60 GHz region are generated showing harmonic frequency multiplication factors of up to 25 with a suppression of undesired harmonics better than 20 dB. © 2012 Optical Society of America.This research was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through TEC2009-08078 and TEC2012-35797 projects.Vidal Rodriguez, B. (2012). Photonic millimeter-wave frequency multiplication based on cascaded four-wave mixing and polarization pulling. Optics Letters. 37(24):25478-25488. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.005055S25478254883724Kawanishi, T., Oikawa, S., Yoshiara, K., Sakamoto, T., Shinada, S., & Izutsu, M. (2005). Low noise photonic Millimeter-wave generation using an integrated reciprocating optical Modulator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17(3), 669-671. doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.842377Li, W., & Yao, J. (2010). Investigation of Photonically Assisted Microwave Frequency Multiplication Based on External Modulation. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58(11), 3259-3268. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2075671Vidal, B., Huggard, P. G., Ellison, B. N., & Gomes, N. J. (2010). Optoelectronic generation of W-band millimetre-wave signals using Brillouin amplification. Electronics Letters, 46(21), 1449. doi:10.1049/el.2010.2310Wiberg, A., Perez-Millan, P., Andres, M. V., & Hedekvist, P. O. (2006). Microwave-photonic frequency multiplication utilizing optical four-wave mixing and fiber Bragg gratings. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(1), 329-334. doi:10.1109/jlt.2005.860164Wang, Q., Rideout, H., Zeng, F., & Yao, J. (2006). Millimeter-Wave Frequency Tripling Based on Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18(23), 2460-2462. doi:10.1109/lpt.2006.886826Li, Y., Naderi, N. A., Kovanis, V., & Lester, L. F. (2010). Enhancing the 3-dB Bandwidth via the Gain-Lever Effect in Quantum-Dot Lasers. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2(3), 321-329. doi:10.1109/jphot.2010.2046481McKinstrie, C. J., & Raymer, M. G. (2006). Four-wave-mixing cascades near the zero-dispersion frequency. Optics Express, 14(21), 9600. doi:10.1364/oe.14.009600Cerqueira Sodre, A., Chavez Boggio, J. M., Rieznik, A. A., Hernandez-Figueroa, H. E., Fragnito, H. L., & Knight, J. C. (2008). Highly efficient generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products. Optics Express, 16(4), 2816. doi:10.1364/oe.16.002816Wise, A., Tur, M., & Zadok, A. (2011). Sharp tunable optical filters based on the polarization attributes of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optics Express, 19(22), 21945. doi:10.1364/oe.19.021945Hansryd, J., Andrekson, P. A., Westlund, M., Jie Li, & Hedekvist, P.-O. (2002). Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 8(3), 506-520. doi:10.1109/jstqe.2002.101635