Smart use of storage potentials of electric vehicles for renewable energy generation in the built environment: A design scenario

In this paper, results are reported of a technology assessment of use of electrical vehicles for energy storage (of renewable sources), their integration in the built environment and attached required power and charging systems for the Netherlands. This was done as part of the DIEMIGO project on integration of electrical mobility in the built environment. Around the world several concepts for EV charging and EV/Building interfaces have been developed, or are under development. In general however integrated smart grid concepts, comfortable charging or user focused services and innovative charging are still lacking and mostly based on the principle of relatively simple “technical fixes” and do not address to problems to be solved in case of large scale introduction of Electric Mobility. Moreover, integration in the built environment is poor and full of potential pitfalls, especially as for security of supply when implemented at large numbers. We present the main results of an integrated scenario development study for the introduction of electric vehicles at ‘the Grounds’ location at Schiphol airport Amsterdam, in 2030. Firstly, relevant technological developments are summarized. Subsequently a transition is investigated from the current fossil fuel based transport system to also having vehicles that are powered by grid supplied electricity (G2V) and deliver electricity back to the grid (V2G), with energy generation based on renewables. Our purpose is to give an overview of these aspects for the entire system. In this study, the entire chain is therefore taken into account: the electrical grid and infrastructure and attached generation based on renewables, the coupling between car and infrastructure (user interface) and the vehicles themselves. This results in a broad set of issues that need to be dealt with in a large-scale transition towards electrical mobility from which conditions and recommendations can be derived. The outcomes of this research show that a high penetration of electric mobility into the built environment can be achieved generating little environmental impact, resulting in full integration within innovative and comfortable green urban areas. With the implementation of new transport technologies, unique services, and advanced sustainable energy production and management systems, it gives opportunity to build on the values of a progressive society to offer a innovate, inspiring but foremost sustainable environment.Building TechnologyArchitectur