New process of drinking water production in the 21st century

With the development of industry, many new micro pollutants are found in the water sources for drinking water. For instance endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, MTBE are reported. However, the conventional water treatment has limited removal efficiency for these components. Therefore, in order to deal with these substances, we introduce a new treatment concept: fluidized Ion exchange---UF---NF---GAC adsorption. With this treatment concept, we obtain a double barrier (UF-NF) for particles and microorganisms; double barrier (NF-GAC adsorption) for the micro pollutants and natural organic matter. The main problem of this concept is the membrane ouling, so we use fluidized cation exchange system to remove an important fouling factor in membrane filtration---calcium. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the positive effect of calcium removal on the prevention of membrane fouling, check the effectiveness of treatment concept on target substances, and set up the model of fluidized IEX system. The results showed that both monovalent and multivalent ions on the membrane surface are crucial fouling factors, and Fluidized IEX system is a good pretreatment for membrane filtration. The treatment concept was good in removing target substances, except the polar ones with molecule weight smaller than 100 Da. For the modeling of fluidized IEX system, pH is an important parameter, which determines the exchange capacity.Sanitary EngineeringWatermanagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience