[[alternative]]The Grandparents' Parenting and The Mental Relation Between Grandparents and Grandchildren in Families of Grandparents as Parents /the targets are limited to the junior high school students in Taipei county and Taipei city.

[[abstract]]The purpose of this research focuses on grandparents’ parenting and the mental relationship between grandparents and grandchildren in families of grandparents raising their grandchildren. The requirement for families of grandparents raising their grandchildren is that grandchildren have to live together with their grandparents every day in a week; furthermore, grandparents are obligated to care and parent their grandchildren. The analysis on grandparents’ parenting is based on “response parenting” and “demand parenting”. The response parenting refers to grandparents’ support, encouragement and acceptance for grandchildren’s daily practices and behavior. Then, the demand parenting refers to grandparents’ regulation, control and demand for grandchildren’s daily practices and behavior. The data of this research is obtained by questionnaires which focus on the junior high school students from families of grandparents raising their grandchildren. The samples are adopted by purposive-sampling method. 30 public high schools in Taipei county and Taipei city (including the junior high school departments in senior high schools) are involved in this research. There are 615 questionnaires issued to conduct this research in total. Among them, 369 questionnaires are responded; furthermore, 288 questionnaires are valid. The following is the findings: 1. In families of grandparents raising their grandchildren, the first one who takes the duty to take care of grandchildren is their grandmothers, the next, their maternal grandmothers, then, their grandfathers, and the last, their maternal grandfathers. The result reveals that females take more duty in caring their grandchildren than males and paternal grandparents take more duty than maternal grandparents. 2. The major cause for families of grandparents raising their grandchildren is divorce. And the next cause is the fact that their parents are so busy on jobs that they cannot take care of their children. The third cause is the death of either side of parents or the death of both parents. 3. The analysis on grandparents’ parenting is divided into response parenting and demand parenting. In grandparents' "response parenting," the first three most common parenting are the hospitalization , the correction of errors and the encouragement for academic performance of their grandchildren. However, in grandparents' "demand parenting," grandparents put priority to their grandchildren’s daily practices. 4. In this research, the factors in grandparents’ parenting of families of grandparents raising grandchildren are discussed. As for the variables of grandchildren, grandparents and family backgrounds, if their grandparents own better health condition and the relationship between fathers and children is better, grandparents will more likely to adopt response parenting. On the contrary, in grandparents’ demand parenting, there is no obvious connection with the variables mentioned above. 5. In short, the mental relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is quite good in families of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Among all factors in the mental relationship of grandparents and grandchildren, the relationship with their fathers and the response parenting of their grandparents can fully explain the mental relationship of grandparents and grandchildren, which is based on the variables of grandchildren, grandparents and family backgrounds and their grandparents’ parenting methods.