Rôle des moustiques Culicidae, de leurs communautés microbiennes et des réservoirs vertébrés, dans la transmission des arbovirus à Madagascar

These last ten years, Indian Ocean islands have been the theatre of severe epidemics of arboviroses. However, little information was available about the local dynamics of the virus transmission and identity of the vector species and vertebrates réservoirs involved. Madagascar island was chosen for its high endemic biodiversity, contrasting climatic conditions and drastic changes in habitats due to an increase anthropic pressure. These factors increase the epidemiological risks of infectious diseases. In this context, our objective was to characterize the role of Culicidae as major vectors, the associated microbial communities, and wild vertebrates (lémurs) as potential réservoirs in the transmission arboviroses. Molecular techniques allowed udpdating the biogeography of Aedes and showed the dominance of Aedes albopictus competent to chikungunya virus. Other mosquitoes captured belonged to Culex antennatus, Culex decens, Culex quinquefasciatus et Mansonia uniformis. The bacterium Wolbachia was detected in most mosquito especies,but Culex antennatus. Searching of arboviruses by qRT‐PCR revealed infection of Culex antennatus and lemurs (Lepilemur edwardsi et Eulemur rufus) by the rift valley fever virus.Rôle des moustiques Culicidae, de leurs communautés microbiennes et des réservoirs vertébrés, dans la transmission des arbovirus à Madagasca