Regional-based typology of the main fungal diseases affecting winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg

peer reviewedDespite its small territory size, the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (GDL) has several microclimates that result in a variability of disease severity between the South (Gutland) and the North (Oesling). Septoria leaf blotch disease of wheat is an important disease in the GDL. Over 2003–2009, the severity was strong in Gutland (51% on average over the last two upper leaves at the late milk growth stage) and low in the Oesling (16% for the same leaves). For the years 2006, 2008 and 2009, the disease severity was less than 6% in the Oesling while it exceeded 40% in the Gutland. The second fungal disease that has become economically important is the wheat leaf rust. Over the same period, the Gutland and the Oesling showed consistently the highest and lowest disease severity respectively. In 2003 and 2007, the Gutland showed the highest disease severity with 66% and 57% respectively, whereas the lowest severity (