Help via art for person with mental disabilities

Novejše opredelitve motenj v duševnem razvoju poleg intelektualnega funkcioniranja postavljajo v ospredje prilagoditvene zmožnosti osebe. Slednje kažejo, kako se je oseba z motnjo v duševnem razvoju sposobna prilagoditi zahtevam okolja, v katerem živi, še posebej, če je to institucija. Ta je lahko vzrok neželenemu vedenju. Institucije so danes v času večjih spreminjanj in iskanja novih programov, kar sicer daje osebam z motnjami v duševnem razvoju več različnih možnosti aktivnega življenja, hkrati pa jim tudi povzročajo različne čustvene stiske. Stiske oseb so vezane predvsem na ločitev od družine, pomanjkanje individualnosti, podrejanje večini in upoštevanje pravil, ki so realno vezana na zmožnost ustanove zagotavljati enkratnost osebe. Tako je neželeno vedenje oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju tesno povezano z življenjem v instituciji, kjer pa ima veliko vlogo tudi odnos do njih. Oseba v stiski potrebuje pomoč in podporo. Izdelamo načrt podpore pozitivnemu vedenju. Poskušamo delovati preventivno, kjer so nam v pomoč tehnike odzivanja. Najpomembneje pa je skupno usklajeno in dosledno delovanje. V načrt spreminjanja neželenega vedenja lahko umestimo tudi pomoč z umetnostjo, kjer lahko pomembno vplivamo predvsem z vidika sprostitve. Prav tako z likovnim izražanjem oseba z motnjo v duševnem razvoju sproti sporoča svoje doživljanje ter ima ob tem možnost govoriti o svojih težavah. Likovni izdelek ji pomaga, da govori o sebi in svojih stiskah. Pomoč z umetnostjo je pristop z likovnim izražanjem v smislu pomoči na področju, ki ga oseba z motnjo v duševnem razvoju potrebuje. Likovna govorica teh oseb je pogosto drugačna. Tako je lahko ta govorica osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki je že odrasla, zelo elementarna in nediferencirana. Razvojni zaostanki niso prisotni samo pri likovnem izražanju, temveč tudi na vseh drugih vzgojno-izobraževalnih področjih. Proces, ko oseba komunicira tudi z likovnim izdelkom, se odvija spontano. Pričujoče delo je usmerjeno v preverjanje povezanosti med izvajanjem pomoči z umetnostjo in zmanjševanjem neželenega vedenja pri osebi z motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Večja zadovoljnost z lastnim življenjem se izraža v manjšem obsegu neželenega vedenja in pomoč z umetnostjo je dejansko realna možnost za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja osebe z motnjo v duševnem razvoju.Contemporary definitions of mental disorders favor not only the development of intellectual functioning of the person but their adaptive capacities. These show how a person with a mental disorder is able to adapt to the environment in which they live, especially in an institution. The latter may cause unwanted behavior. Institutions today face major variations and searches for new programs, which gives people with intellectual disabilities several options for an active life, but they can also cause a variety of emotional distress. People\u27s hardships are mainly related to separation from family, a lack of individuality and conforming to the majority and the rules, which are realistically dependent on the ability of institutions to ensure the uniqueness of a person. Thus, unwanted behavior of people with intellectual disabilities is closely linked to their life in the institution, as is our attitude towards them. A person in distress needs our help and support. We make a plan for supporting positive behavior. We\u27re trying to act preemptively, where techniques of response are of great help. But the most important is a common coordinated and consistent performance. A plan to change unwanted behavior may also cover help via art, where a significant impact can be made via relaxation. Artwork can also help a person with mental disorder to promptly communicate their experiences and to talk about their problems. Help via art represents an approach by artwork in an area where the person with a mental disorder needs it. The artistic language of these people is often different. The language of an adult person with intellectual disabilities may thus be very elementary and undefined. Developmental delays are present not only in artistic expression, but also in all other areas of education. The process of communication via artwork takes place spontaneously. The present work is focused on verifying the connection between the implementation of help via art and reducing unwanted behavior in people with intellectual disabilities. Greater satisfaction with their own lives is reflected in a lesser degree of unwanted behavior, so help via art is actually a viable option for improving the life quality of persons with mental disabilities