Employer attitudes toward employing disabled people

V magistrski nalogi smo analizirali teoretske koncepte področja zaposlovanja invalidov. Raziskali smo pomen dela za človeka, brezposelnost in njene posledice ter položaj invalidov na trgu dela. Opredelili smo tudi temeljne pojme, ki se pojavljajo v povezavi z invalidi in njihovim zaposlovanjem, njihove temeljne pravice, ki izhajajo tako iz mednarodnih virov kot tudi iz slovenske zakonodaje. Bolj podrobno smo predstavili tudi Zakon o zaposlitveni rehabilitaciji in zaposlovanju invalidov ter zaposlitvene možnosti za invalide in posebne oblike zaposlovanja. Glavni namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati stališča delodajalcev do zaposlovanja invalidov. S tem namenom smo predstavili ključne raziskave, ki so bile na tem področju že narejene (tako v Sloveniji kot tudi v tujini). Ker je prav od stališč delodajalcev do invalidov najbolj odvisna odločitev o njihovi zaposlitvi, smo jih podrobno raziskali. Stališča delodajalcev do zaposlovanja invalidov smo raziskovali glede na različne spremenljivke, in sicer glede na status podjetja, njegovo velikost ter tudi glede na podatek, ali že imajo izkušnje z zaposlovanjem invalidov. Ugotovili smo, da prihaja do statistično pomembnih razlik v stališčih delodajalcev do zaposlovanja invalidov in statusom podjetja, in sicer da imajo delodajalci, ki izhajajo iz običajnih podjetij, statistično značilno bolj odklonilna stališča do zaposlovanja invalidov kot delodajalci iz invalidskih podjetij in zaposlitvenih centrov. Tudi pri raziskovanju statistične pomembnosti razlik med stališči delodajalcev do zaposlovanja invalidov in velikostjo podjetja smo ugotavljali, da so le-te pomembne in da imajo delodajalci iz velikih podjetjih v povprečju statistično značilno bolj odklonilna stališča do zaposlovanja invalidov. Pri raziskovanju stališč delodajalcev do zaposlovanja invalidov glede na pretekle izkušnje z zaposlovanjem invalidov nismo ugotavljali statistično pomembnih razlik, razen pri določenih skupinah invalidnosti. Ker smo predvidevali, da delodajalci nimajo enakih stališč do zaposlovanja oseb z različnimi vrstami invalidnosti, smo raziskali tudi stališča delodajalcev do posameznih skupin invalidov ter do zaposlovanja le-teh. Pri tem smo ugotavljali, da imajo delodajalci najbolj pozitivna stališča do zaposlovanja oseb, ki imajo kronične bolezni ter do oseb s telesnimi okvarami, najbolj odklonilna pa do zaposlovanja oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju in oseb s težavami na področju duševnega zdravja. Prav tako smo preverili, v kolikšni meri so delodajalci seznanjeni s prednostmi, ki izvirajo iz zaposlovanja invalidov ter ali menijo, da na tem področju potrebujejo dodatna znanja in informacije. Delodajalci v povprečju menijo, da njihova seznanjenost s prednostmi, ki so jih lahko deležni pri zaposlovanju invalidov, ni posebej pomanjkljiva, nadaljnja analiza pa je pokazala, da so pri tem zelo velike razlike, če ugotavljamo seznanjenost delodajalcev glede na status podjetja (delodajalci iz običajnih podjetij so bistveno manj seznanjeni s prednostmi), velikost podjetja (delodajalci iz srednje velikih podjetij so s prednostmi najbolj seznanjeni, iz malih podjetij pa najmanj) in pretekle izkušnje z zaposlovanjem invalidov (delodajalci, ki imajo izkušnje z zaposlovanjem invalidov, so s prednostmi bolj seznanjeni). Prav tako smo ugotavljali, da imajo največjo potrebo po dodatnih znanjih in informacijah s tega področja delodajalci iz običajnih podjetij, ter tisti delodajalci, ki še nimajo izkušenj z zaposlovanjem invalidov. Magistrsko delo s svojo teoretično vsebino skupaj z rezultati kvantitativne raziskave lahko bistveno prispeva k razvoju stroke zaposlitvene rehabilitacije. Dobljeni rezultati so pokazali, kakšna stališča imajo delodajalci do invalidov in njihovega zaposlovanja. Ta podatek je izrednega pomena pri širjenju mreže delodajalcev, pri izbiri ustreznih delovnih mest za posameznega invalida ter tudi pri načrtovanju dejavnosti za ozaveščanje delodajalcev in širše javnosti o invalidnosti in delovni učinkovitosti invalidov. Pomemben podatek je tudi, v kolikšni meri delodajalci poznajo prednosti, ki so jih lahko deležni kot zaposlovalci invalidov, saj se na podlagi tega lahko organizirajo različne dejavnosti za ozaveščanje potencialnih delodajalcev o tej tematiki.We have analysed theoretical concepts from the area of disabled people employment. We have researched the meaning of work for a person, unemployment, its consequences, and the position of disabled people on the labour market. We have defined basic terms, which are in connection with disabled people and their employment, their basic rights, which are derived from the international sources as well as from the Slovenian legislation. We have presented the Law of employment rehabilitation and employment of disabled people as well as employment possibilities for disabled people and special forms of employment. The main purpose of the master\u27s thesis has been to research the standpoints of employers to disabled people employment. We have presented some key researches with this purpose, which have been done at the area (in Slovenia as well as abroad). We have researched the standpoints of the employers in details because the decision about the employment of disabled people depends on that. We have researched the standpoint of the employers to employment of disabled people according to different factors depending on the status of a company, its size and also the information if they already have experience with disabled people employment. We have found out that there are statistically important differences in the employers\u27 standpoints to disabled people employment and status of a company where the employers from the regular companies have statistically more negative standpoints to employment of disabled people than employers from the companies that hire disable people and employment centres. When researching statistically important differences between the viewpoints of employers to the employment of disabled people and the size of a company we have found out that these differences are important and that employers from big companies in average have statistically more negative standpoints for employment of disabled people. When researching standpoints of employers to employment of disabled people according to their past experience with employment of disabled people, we have not found statistically important differences, except with certain groups of disabilities. Because we had expected that employers do not have the same standpoints to employment of persons with different sorts of disabilities, we have researched the viewpoints of employers to different groups of disabled people and their employment. We have found out that the employers have the most positive viewpoints to employ persons with chronical diseases and to persons with physical disabilities, the most negative viewpoints they have to employment of people with psychological disorders and people with problems at the psychological health area. We have also researched to what extend the employers are familiar with advantages they might have if they employ a disabled person and if they think that their knowledge about advantages they might get if they employ a disabled person is not particularly low. Further analysis has shown that there are very big differences if we research knowledge of employers according to the status of the company (employers from regular companies have substantially less knowledge about the advantages), size of the company (employers from the middle-sized companies know the most about the advantages, from the small companies the least) and past experiences with employment of disabled people (the employers who have experience with employment of disabled people know more about the advantages). We have also found out that the employers from regular companies have the biggest need for additional knowledge and information from the area and those employers who do not have past experience with employment of disabled people. The master\u27s thesis can (with its theoretical content and together with the results of the quantitative research) importantly contribute to the development of the employment rehabilitation profession. The gained results have shown what the standpoints of the employers are to disabled people and their employment. This datum has an important meaning when spreading the net of the employers, when choosing appropriate work places for the individual disabled person, and work efficiency of the disabled persons. An important datum is also the level of knowledge about advantages the employers know about which the employers of disabled people can get because of that different activities can be organized for awareness of potential employers about this topic