Demonstration experiments with X-ray

V diplomskem delu opišem uporabo rentgenske svetlobe v zdravstvu, predvsem v diagnostične namene. Bolj podrobno predstavim tudi nastanek rentgenske svetlobe (zavorno in karakteristično sevanje) ter interakcije fotonov rentgenske svetlobe s snovjo, skozi katero prehajajo (fotoefekt, Comptonov pojav, Rayleighovo sipanje in nastanek para). Ker je bil eksperimentalni del diplomskega dela opravljen s klasičnim rentgenskim aparatom, na kratko opišem tudi njegovo zgradbo in delovanje. V eksperimentalnem delu so prikazane rentgenske slike vzorcev in rezultati obdelave teh slik s programom ImageJ. Iz dobljenih podatkov sem izračunala masni absorpcijski koeficienti aluminija in bakra pri različnih napetostih na rentgenski cevi ter konstantnem produktu jakosti električnega toka in ekspozicijskega časa. Na koncu sem komentirala tudi značilne rentgenske slike organskega vzorca (riba orada).In the thesis I describe the use of X-ray in medicine, particulary for diagnostic purposes. More specifically I describe formation of X-ray (characteristic radiation and bremsstrahlung) and interaction of X-ray photons with the substance (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering and pair production). Experimental part of the thesis was made with a classical X-ray machine, so I describe briefly its structure and functioning. The experimental part contains X-ray images of some samples and results of processing these images using ImageJ program. From the obtained data I calculated the mass attenuation coefficients of aluminium and copper at different voltages applied to an X-ray tube and at constant product of the electric current and the exposure time. I also commented on the characteristic X-ray images of an organic sample (bream)