Contemporary art and cross curricular activities in art teaching

Učitelji, ki poučujejo likovno umetnost, so kompetentni in poklicani tudi za to, da učence seznanjajo z aktualnim dogajanjem v likovni umetnosti. Spremljanje, poznavanje in razumevanje sodobne likovne umetnosti vpliva na razmišljanje in vživljanje posameznika v okolje in čas, v katerem živi. Zato lahko delo s primeri sodobne likovne umetnosti učence spodbuja k ustvarjalnemu izražanju in hkrati h kritičnemu mišljenju o družbi. Predmet magistrskega dela je koncipiranje likovnih nalog, ob katerih se učenci seznanjajo s sodobno likovno umetnostjo, ustvarjalno izražajo svoje ideje ter razvijajo zmožnost izražanja mnenj in stališč. V teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge se opiramo na teoretična izhodišča, ki obravnavajo cilje in vsebine sodobne umetnosti. Izhajamo iz ugotovitev strokovnjakov o pozitivnih vplivih vpeljevanja vsebin sodobne umetnosti v pouk likovne umetnosti. Ker koncept učnega načrta za likovno vzgojo ni konkretno usmerjen v spoznavanje vsebin sodobne umetnosti, smo cilje iskali v učnem načrtu predmeta državljanska in domovinska kultura ter etika. Cilje lahko uresničujemo ob delu s primeri sodobne likovne umetnosti. Opiramo se na možnost medpredmetnega povezovanja za doseganje skupnih ciljev obeh v raziskavo vključenih predmetov. Izpostavljamo splošne in specifične učne metode, ki so pri delu s sodobnimi likovnimi deli še posebej v ospredju, pozornost posvečamo tudi avtentični umetnini. V empiričnem delu smo izvedli akcijsko raziskavo, v kateri smo načrtovali tri korake z namenom izboljšanja prakse. V učnem procesu nas je zanimal pristop, ki je učencem omogočal razumevanje in spoznavanje sodobne likovne umetnosti. Ob tem so učenci imeli možnost izražanja na njim lasten način, hkrati pa so usvajali z učnim načrtom podane cilje. Pristop je spodbujal ustvarjalno mišljenje, ustvarjalno uporabo materialov in pripomočkov, odločitev učencev za ustvarjalno vsebino, izbiro principov izražanja in idej na osnovi del sodobnih likovnih umetnikov ter ustvarjalno reševanje nalog. Preverjali smo učinke reševanja likovnih problemov. Za preverjanje uspešnosti načrtovanih postopkov smo uporabili kavzalno-neeksperimentalno metodo pedagoškega raziskovanja. Pri načrtovanju likovnih nalog v tretjem raziskovalnem koraku smo izhajali iz medpredmetne povezave in upoštevali korelacije ciljev, zapisanih v obeh učnih načrtih. V začetnem (inicialnem) stanju smo ugotovili, da učenci niso imeli oblikovanega mnenja o sodobni umetnosti, saj je večina učencev ni poznala. Med potekom akcijskih raziskovalnih korakov smo ugotovili, da učenci likovna dela povezujejo z vsakdanjim življenjem in jih interpretirajo glede na lastne izkušnje. Zaznali smo napredek pri ustvarjalnosti učencev, ki se kaže skozi izvirnost idej in kot želja po končni realizaciji nekaterih konceptualnih zasnov. Medpredmetna povezava predmetov likovna umetnost in državljanska in domovinska kultura ter etika se je izkazala kot uspešna, morda celo nujna oblika povezovanja pri obravnavanju vsebin sodobne umetnosti. V končnem (finalnem) stanju smo zaznali večjo senzibilnost učencev pri doživljanju in razumevanju nekaterih sodobnih likovnih del, hkrati pa se je oblikoval individualni odnos posameznika do sodobne umetnosti. Na osnovi ugotovitev smo oblikovali smernice za ustreznejše načrtovanje in izvajanje likovnih nalog, vezanih na vsebine sodobne likovne umetnosti. V raziskavi pridobljene ugotovitve lahko pozitivno vplivajo na likovnopedagoško prakso.Teachers who teach Visual art are competent and called for it to familiarize pupils with current developments in art. Monitoring, knowledge and understanding of contemporary art influence on the thinking and the empathy of each individual about the environment and the time in which he lives. Therefore, work with examples of contemporary art can encourage creative expression of pupils and at the same time it stimulates their critical thinking about the society. The subject of Master\u27s degree is devising of Visual art tasks, where pupils learn about contemporary art, creatively express their ideas and develop the ability to express opinions and views. The theoretical part of the master\u27s degree is relying on the theoretical foundations that address the goals and content of contemporary art. We proceed from the findings of experts about the positive effects of the introduction of the content of contemporary art in the teaching of Visual art. Since the concept of the curriculum for Visual art is not specifically focused on learning about the content of contemporary art, we were looking for goals in the curriculum of the subject Civil education and ethics. Those goals can be realized while working with examples of contemporary art. We are relying on the possibility of cross-curricular activities to achieve the common goals of both subjects which are included into the survey. We expose the general and specific teaching methods that work with contemporary art works especially in the foreground, but attention is also devoted to the excursion. In the empirical part the action research was carried out, in which we have planned three steps with a view to improve the practice. We were interested in the approach that allows pupils to understand and learn about contemporary art during the learning process. At the same time, the pupils had the opportunity to express on their own way, while they were accepting the goals given by the curriculum. Such approach encouraged creative thinking, creative use of materials and devices, pupils could decide for creative content and they could use different principles to express themselves and their ideas based on the works of contemporary artists and creatively solve the tasks. We examined the effects of solving the art problems. To check the efficiency of the planned procedures, we used causal non-experimental method of pedagogical research. When designing art tasks in the third step of the research we derived from a cross-curricular correlation and we put into account the goals set out in both lesson plans. In the initial state we found out that pupils did not have a clear opinion about contemporary art, because most of the pupils did not know it. During the course of the action research steps, we discovered that pupils associate artworks with everyday life, and interpret them according to their own experience. We detected a progress in pupils\u27 creativity that manifests itself through the originality of ideas and as the desire for the ultimate realization of some conceptual designs. Cross curricular activity of subjects Visual art and Civil culture and ethics has proven to be successful and perhaps even a necessary form of integration in addressing the content of contemporary art. In the final state we detected a greater sensibility of the pupils in experiencing and understanding of some contemporary art works, and at the same time it was developed the individual relationship of the individual towards the contemporary art. Based on the findings, we developed guidelines for more appropriate planning and implementation of art tasks related to the content of contemporary art. The findings in the survey can positively affect on Visual art practice