The angiogenic pathway 'vascular endothelial growth factor/flk-I (KDR)-receptor' in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Active angiogenesis, together with an up-regulation of angiogenic factors, is evident in the synovium of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). The present study assessed, by immunohistochemistry, the microvessel density in the synovium of these arthritides and in normal controls, in relation to the expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and the apoptosis-related proteins bcl-2 and p53. More importantly, using the novel 11B5 MAb, the activated 'VEGF/flk-1(KDR)-receptor' microvessel density was assessed. VEGF expression in fibroblasts was diffuse in both RA and OA, Diffuse PD-ECGF expression of fibroblasts was noted in all cases of RA, While fibroblast reactivity was focal in the OA material, The standard microvessel density (sMVD), as assessed with the anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody (MAb), was higher in RA (64 +/- 12) and in 0.4 (65 +/- 16) than in normal tissues (52+/-8; p = 0.008 and 0.0004, respectively). The activated microvessel density (aMVD), assessed with the 11B5 MAb, was significantly higher in RA (29+/-10) than in OA (17+/-4; p<0.0001) and than in normal tissues (14+/-2; p