Natural-origin materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have shown that combining biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules are important to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues or as therapeutic systems. Natural origin polymers have been used as matrices in such applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article provides an up-to-date review on the most promising natural biopolymers, focused on polysaccharides and proteins, their properties and applications. Membranes, micro/nanoparticles, scaffolds, and hydrogels as biomimetic strategies for tissue engineering and processing are described, along with the use of bioactive molecules and growth factors to improve tissue regeneration potential. Finally, current biomedical applications are also presented.The authors would like to thank to the financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the fellowship grants of Simone S Silva (SFRH/BPD/112140/2015), Emanuel M Fernandes (SFRH/BPD/96197/2013), Joana-Silva Correira (SFRH/BPD/100590/2014), Sandra Pina (SFRH/BPD/108763/2015), Silvia Vieira (SFRH/BD/102710/2014), “Fundo Social Europeu”- FSE and “ Programa Diferencial de Potencial Humano POPH”, and to the distinction attributed to J.M. Oliveira under the Investigator FCT program (IF/00423/2012). It is also greatly acknowledged the funds provided by FCT through the project EPIDisc (UTAP-EXPL/BBBECT/0050/2014), financed in the Framework of the “International Collaboratory for Emerging Technologies, CoLab”, UT Austin|Portugal Program.