Requerimiento de los elementos nutricionales en fríjol

Aspects on mineral nutrition of bean plants and the nature of each nutrient in the soil and in the plant are described. The need for fertilization is briefly justified and the physicochemical form, mobility, and dynamics of the nutrients in the soil and their availability to plants are explained. Several methods to determine nutritional requirements (plant analysis, soil analysis, yield trials) are given and the role, assimilable forms, symptoms of deficiency and toxicity of N, P, K, Ca, Al, Mn, Mg, and S are discussed. The interaction of soil lime with Al, Mn, P, and Mg and other factors such as temp. and salinity are briefly discussed as well as the interaction between P and Zn, resistance to herbicides, micronutrient absorption, and O2 deficiency. Application methods and the time of fertilization are described along with some methods that evaluate the efficiency of fertilizer use. Among these are the simple method (requiring fertilizers with radioactive elements), the classical method (Mitscherlich), and the economic biological method that includes cost analysis and is applied mainly in developed countries. Graphics and tables illustrating the concepts discussed are included. (CIAT