How did a scientific discipline focused on the solid state of matter emerge ? This dissertation describes the formation and the evolution of a scientific community in France in the second half of the twentieth century through three periods. In 1950, the solid was studied by a variety of disciplines ranging from physics to metallurgy, crystallography and chemistry, and concerned various industrial sectors – glass, ceramics, metals. Within inorganic chemistry, the chemistry of solid state aimed at studying all kind of solids, organic and inorganic, from surfaces to bulk. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, whereas public research and industrial demand for new materials increased, more and more inorganic chemists converged towards the mineral crystal in...