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The study analyses notions used in contemporary intercultural philosophy and intercultural literary science to explore various aspects of interculturality. Unlike comparative philosophy, intercultural philosophy does not place the contrasted systems of Western tradition and non-European thinking alongside each other, but correlates their philosophic subject matter. The study examines: 1) the contribution of the philosophy of difference (E. Lévinas, F. Dastur, J. Derrida, J. Kristeva, etc.) to intercultural philosophy, 2) the contribution of the concept of dialogism within a well-founded and coherent domain of phenomenological literary aesthetics (M. Bakhtin), and 3) the contribution of the theory of interliterary communication (D. Ďurišin) to intercultural literary science. Through its conception of phenomena of the foreign and other, the concept of an interliterary community is explained by key notions of national philologies, such as national literature and the literature of nation-states. On the basis of some multinational European countries, problems of complex cultural constellations will be indicated