Issu de la journée d'étude "Le néolibéralisme selon Foucault. Enjeux, actualité, perspectives", Université Paris-Est-Créteil, le 17 mai 2013.International audienceThis article engages a critical dialogue with the interpretations of neoliberalism as ageneral view on the world and a construction of individual psychology. It aims at showing that the economic importance of neoliberalism is primordial. Underestimating the economical dimension in neoliberal governmental practices leads to the temptation of a “functionalist psychologism”: it prevents from understanding the complex and bidirectional relations between capitalist economy and the subjects living in it (their desires, their beliefs, their interests). There is no contradiction between n...