Considering the Human Across Levels of Automation: Implications for Reliance

This paper introduces human considerations that have yet to be fully addressed in industry standards for levels of automation. Currently-deployed vehicle automation is discussed according to these standards from a human interaction framing. The taxonomy-centric description of individual features provides insights into the challenges drivers may have in use of features in actual driving conditions. Initial data from an on-going naturalistic driving study of Tesla drivers is presented as a first-look at the prevalence of interaction challenges in real-world automation based on technology use. Implications for system design and training are discussed with the aim of centering industry and policy discussions on human-centric technology development