FEATURES OF ADAPTATION IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

The aim of study is structuring of life cycle stages of organization in accordance with the changes in it, and taking into account mechanisms that make it possible to identify the point of transition from one stage of the life cycle to the next one. Methods. We used a comparison method, which revealed the similarities and differences between alive and economic systems in the process of their life cycle. There were also used the empirical and theoretical methods, such as methods of analogy, abstraction and deduction. They allowed establishing specific characteristics of the organization transition to a new stage of its life cycle in a number of essential features, means the basis of the particular nature and purpose of the organization to adapt to environmental conditions. The result of this study is to determine the basic characteristics of the enterprise behavior at stages of its life cycle development from the perspective of an evolutionary approach to the development of economic systems. Significant changes in the activities of the enterprise include the existence of a variety of transients, which are specific and determined by the features of the environment in which they occur. Ordering of the properties of the environment that create the conditions for the operation and development of enterprises, also showed, that one of the properties is adaptation, that connects the possibilities of the environment with the potential for development of internal. Comparative characteristics of the principles of alive and economic systems has allowed revealing many similarities. However, the economic system are developed under human control, based on his knowledge and skills, which enabled to justify adaptation to the environment as the main managerial transition characteristic to a new stage of development. Adaptation and its competitive nature determine the range of basic management techniques in a cyclic flow of the organization development. This approach allows to justify the type of adaptation and development cycle of the enterprise and to determine the direction of its further positive long-term changes in the competitive struggle. The practical significance. Revealed essence of adaptation in the process of organization life cycle, not only allows identifying the transition to a different phase of development, but also helps to identify the challenges that the organization faced in the process of achieving the goal. The essence of adaptation considered in three processes of organization activity: the main, auxiliary and management, allowing identifying the characteristics of each development cycle and their priorities for organizations. Value/originality. The novelty of this study is a comparative description of the basic principles of alive and economic systems, the identification of the properties of external environment of the organization, which creates conditions for the functioning and development of organizations, and the selection on their basis the adaptation mechanism as the basic property of evolutionary systems. As well, as value of the adaptation at each stage of development of the organization to ensure its long-term development